Under 35 vulnerable to cancers, say experts

Health experts and doctors warn that head, neck, and thyroid cancers, once primarily seen in older adults, are now rising sharply among young Indians, mostly under 35. The surge is driven by tobacco use (smoking and chewing), alcohol consumption, HPV infection, and other unhealthy lifestyle factors.

Early awareness, lifestyle changes, and regular screening are crucial, doctors say, as the pattern of cancer incidence in India shifts alarmingly toward younger age groups. This increase is particularly concerning because these cancers are appearing nearly 10 years earlier than global averages and are often more aggressive in young patients. Head and neck cancers (HNC) now account for approximately 30–40% of male cancers and 11–16% of female cancers, according to medical estimates. Some studies suggest that 26% of Indian cancer patients suffer from HNC, underscoring the severity of the issue.

Experts note that the surge is concentrated in central and western India, where tobacco use remains high. Products such as gutka, paan, and cigarettes are leading causes, along with alcohol consumption and rising HPV infections. Thyroid cancer has also shown a significant rise since the late 1990s, although its exact causes are still being studied.

Doctors warn that the problem is worsened by neglect and delayed diagnosis. Early symptoms are often ignored, especially by young people who believe they are not at risk. For thyroid cancer, a firm, painless lump or swelling in the neck is a common early sign, but many patients delay seeking medical attention until the disease has progressed.

Regular check-ups and screening essential

Dr. Arsheed Hakim, Consultant Head and Neck Onco Surgeon at Apollo Hospitals, noted that while more people are seeking healthcare examinations, neglect is increasing simultaneously. “More diagnosis, more people are choosing ultrasound examinations,” he said.

He added that “many young people are chewing tobacco from an early age,” directly increasing cancer risk. Dr. Hakim also highlighted the impact of food adulteration, pollution, and even electromagnetic radiation on health. “Ten to fifteen years ago, cancer patients were usually around 40 years old; now many are below 30,” he said, emphasizing that these cancers are biologically more aggressive in young patients. He stressed that early symptoms, such as white or red patches, are often ignored, allowing the disease to progress. “A check-up every six months is strongly recommended,” he advised.

Experts emphasize that increased awareness, routine screening, and cessation of tobacco and alcohol use are essential to combat this rising trend. Without early detection, young adults face more aggressive disease, complex treatments, and reduced chances of recovery.