TB beyond Lungs: A growing Neurological concern

Metro India News | Hyderabad 

Tuberculosis (TB), long known as a pulmonary disease, is increasingly emerging as a serious neurological condition affecting the brain and spine. According to Dr. Ananth Egoor, Consultant Neurosurgeon at Omega Hospitals, neurotuberculosis is one of potentially disabling forms of the disease if not diagnosed early. Dr. Egoor explained that through hematogenous spread, the infection can reach the central nervous system, leading to conditions such as tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculomas, and spinal tuberculosis

Neurotuberculosis accounts for a smaller proportion of total TB cases but contributes significantly to long term complications. Patients with brain involvement may experience persistent headaches, fever, vomiting, seizures, or altered consciousness. Dr. Egoor highlights that untreated spinal TB can lead to vertebral collapse and spinal cord compression, resulting in permanent disability.

Considering the advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Modern imaging techniques, particularly contrast-enhanced MRI, have significantly improved the detection of neurotuberculosis. Laboratory investigations such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and molecular tests like GeneXpert aid in confirming the diagnosis. Treatment primarily involves prolonged anti-tubercular therapy, typically administered for 9–12 months. In selected cases, corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation, especially in tuberculous meningitis.

Despite medical advancements, lack of awareness remains a major barrier. Experts emphasize that individuals with prolonged fever, unexplained neurological symptoms, or persistent back pain should seek medical evaluation without delay. “Neurotuberculosis is treatable, but only if identified early. Awareness among both patients and primary care providers is essential to prevent long term disability,” said Dr. Ananth Egoor.

Dr Ananth Egoor, 

Senior Consultant 

Neurosurgeon, 

Omega Hospitals